Run the same question through five AI architectures — Plain, RAG, MCP, Agent, and Security-aware. Inspect every retrieval, tool call, and citation, then score groundedness, cost, and safety to pick the right one with evidence.
Same question, five architectures. See what each does under the hood, how the answer changes, and which one scores highest on groundedness, cost, and safety.
Shared prompt
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Plain Prompt
Baseline
The model answers straight from its parametric memory. No retrieval, no tools.
fastestcheapestno citationshallucination risk
Sample answer
Northwind Labs likely offers standard US PTO — around 15–20 days after several years of tenure. (Guessing — I have no access to their actual policy.)
RAG
Retrieve
Embed the question, pull the top-k matching chunks, stuff them into the prompt.
groundeddeterministiccitedone-shot only
Sample answer
Northwind employees accrue 25 days of PTO per year after 2 years of employment. [policy-pto#0][policy-pto#1]
MCP
Protocol
The model calls typed tools over a standard protocol — the same server works across clients.
typed toolsreusableclient-agnosticextra hop
Sample answer
Called `get_policy(topic="pto")` via MCP. Result: employees get 25 days per year after 2 years, 30 days after 5. [policy-pto]
Agent Loop
Autonomy
Plan → act → observe → repeat. The model chooses tools and reacts to results across turns.
Searched policy docs, cross-referenced tenure brackets, then confirmed with `get_employee_handbook`. After 3 years an employee is in the 25-day bracket, plus 2 floating holidays. [policy-pto][handbook]
Security
Guarded
RAG over an OWASP/CWE corpus, plus tools that look up CWEs and scan code for common anti-patterns.
That query is vulnerable to CWE-89 (SQL injection) — user input is concatenated into SQL. Use parameterised queries (`db.query("… WHERE id=$1", [id])`). Maps to OWASP A03. [owasp-a03#0][cwe-89]
Sample run
See the difference on one prompt
This is a frozen snapshot from a real run — same prompt, four architectures. Expand any View Trace to see exactly what happened.
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⚠ Sample — not a live run
Plain PromptBaseline
Done
No retrieval. Model answers from parametric memory only.
Most US tech companies offer between 15 and 20 days of PTO after several years of service, and Northwind Labs is likely in that range. However, I don't have access to their specific policy, so this is a general estimate rather than a firm number.
1820 ms110 tok0 calls
View Trace · 3 steps
step 1promptDirect prompt
system + user prompt
step 2llm-turnclaude-sonnet-4-5
Most US tech companies…
step 3finalAnswer
Most US tech companies offer 15–20 days…
RAGRetrieve
Done
Embed → retrieve top-k chunks → stuff into prompt.
Northwind Labs employees accrue **25 days of PTO per year after 2 years of employment** (jumping from the starter 20-day tier). The 30-day tier kicks in at 5 years. [policy-pto#0][policy-pto#1]
[policy-pto#0] [policy-pto#1] [overview#2]
2410 ms886 tok3 chunks
View Trace · 5 steps
step 1embedEmbed query
384-dim vector for "How much PTO do employees get after 3 years at Northwind?"
step 2retrieveTop-k = 3
3 hits (top: policy-pto#0 @ 0.891)
step 3promptGrounded prompt
system + user prompt with 3 context chunks
step 4llm-turnclaude-sonnet-4-5
Northwind Labs employees…
step 5finalAnswer
Northwind Labs employees accrue 25 days…
MCPProtocol
Done
Model calls typed tools/resources over standard protocol.
Called `get_policy(topic="pto")` via the MCP handbook server. Northwind employees receive **25 days of PTO per year after 2 years** of service; this bracket applies through year 4. Year 5+ moves to 30 days. [policy-pto]
[policy-pto]
4180 ms1336 tok1 tool call
View Trace · 6 steps
step 1mcpinitialize
initialize
step 2mcptools/list
tools/list
step 3llm-turnclaude-sonnet-4-5
1 tool call: get_policy
step 4tool-callget_policy
get_policy({"topic":"pto"}) — 84ms
step 5llm-turnclaude-sonnet-4-5
Called get_policy…
step 6finalAnswer
Northwind employees receive 25 days…
AgentLoop3×
Done
Multi-step iterative loop: plan → act → observe → answer.
Searched the handbook, then cross-referenced the tenure brackets and holiday policy. **After 3 years of employment an employee is in the 25-day PTO bracket**, plus 11 US federal holidays and 2 floating holidays. Total paid days off: ~38 per year. [policy-pto][handbook]
After 3 years the employee is in the 25-day bracket…
SecurityGuarded
Done
RAG over OWASP/CWE + security tools (lookup_cwe · scan_snippet).
No security-relevant guidance found for this HR question. The security corpus (OWASP Top 10, CWE quick reference, Node/Nuxt secure defaults) is scoped to code and infrastructure hardening — for PTO, consult the handbook. Try instead: **"Is `db.query(`SELECT * FROM u WHERE id=${id}`)` vulnerable?"** to see this column in action.
1240 ms562 tok0 tool calls
View Trace · 6 steps
step 1noteSecurity pipeline start
Query: How much PTO do employees get after 3 years at Northwind?
step 4promptPrompt Claude with security context + tools
system + user prompt
step 5llm-turnclaude-sonnet-4-5
No security-relevant guidance…
step 6finalAnswer
No security-relevant guidance found…
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